Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Embarrassment as a Key Emotion in Young People Talking About Sexual Health

This paper highlights embarrassment as one of the often-ignored emotions of young people when it comes to discussing issues around sexual health. There have been many sexual health studies on knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of young people over the past two decades, but emotional aspects have been largely ignored, despite a growing literature in the sociology of emotion. A qualitative approach was adopted in the form of focus group discussions, which included questions on sex education, sexual health campaigns and formal and informal sources of sexual health information and advice. Focus groups were conducted in secondary schools in and around Edinburgh and Aberdeen as part of a four-year evaluation study of a Scottish Demonstration Project on young people's sexual health: 'Healthy Respect'. We conclude that is it important for policy makers and sexual health promoters to understand young people's notions of embarrassment. Not only are there elements of sex education that (some) young people perceive as embarrassing, they also sense embarrassment in those people providing them with sex education. Young people reported that both professionals (e.g. teachers and doctors) and their parents could be embarrassed about raising the topic of sexual health. Moreover, as one of the goals of sex education is to ensure an open and non-embarrassing attitude towards sex and sexuality, there is still a major gap between the aspirations of health educators and policy makers and the ways that young people experience such education.Sexual Health Services, Adolescence, School, Scotland, Emotion, Qualitative Research, Sex Education, Parents, Focus Groups, Relationships

Does weight management research for adults with severe obesity represent them? Analysis of systematic review data

Acknowledgments We thank the members of the REBALANCE Project and Advisory Groups for their contributions to the REBALANCE Project. We thank Shaun Treweek and Heidi Gardner, Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, for helpful discussions on trial generalisability and inclusion of underserved groups. Funding National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment Programme (project number: 15/09/04).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Single mini-incision total hip replacement for the management of arthritic disease of the hip : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Mesh fixation techniques for inguinal hernia repair : an overview of systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials

No external funding was obtained for this overview of published systematic reviews.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Pre-hospital and emergency department treatment of convulsive status epilepticus in adults : an evidence synthesis

Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to Robert Silbergleit, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, MI, USA, for providing the individual participant data set of RAMPART. Patient and public involvement The Plain English summary was shared with the Health Services Research Unit (HSRU) Public Partnership Group at the University of Aberdeen, which consists of 11 patient and public involvement partners (seven men, four women; three working age, eight retired). Communication with the Public Partnership Group was facilitated by the HSRU patient and public involvement co-ordinator. The Group consists of members of the public, who meet regularly to discuss aspects of HSRU research and provide a public perspective. Six members of the group provided comments on the language and general meaning of the summary Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Evidence Synthesis programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 26, No. 20. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Extended versus standard lymph node dissection for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder in patients undergoing radical cystectomy

We acknowledge the support received from the author of the in-cluded study, Jürgen E. Gschwend who provided information onthe method of blinding. We are very grateful to Annemarie Uhlig, Guillaume Ploussard,Wassim Kassouf, Caroline Raw and Martin Burton for havingserved as peer reviewers. We thank Cochrane Urology, ManagingEditor Robert Lane and Cochrane Fast-Track Service, ManagingEditor Helen Wakeford, for the support we received.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Naftopidil for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms compatible with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Interventions for treating people with symptoms of bladder pain syndrome : A network meta-analysis

Funding Information: • National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), UK. This review was commissioned by the NIHR Systematic Reviews Programme as project number 16/59/01. • National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), UK. This project was supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), via Cochrane Infrastructure funding to Cochrane Incontinence. The views and opinions expressed therein are those of the review authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Systematic Reviews Programme, NIHR, National Health Service or the Department of Health. The NIHR is the largest single funder of Cochrane Incontinence.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Interfamily Transfer of Dual NB-LRR Genes Confers Resistance to Multiple Pathogens

A major class of disease resistance (R) genes which encode nucleotide binding and leucine rich repeat (NB-LRR) proteins have been used in traditional breeding programs for crop protection. However, it has been difficult to functionally transfer NB-LRR-type R genes in taxonomically distinct families. Here we demonstrate that a pair of Arabidopsis (Brassicaceae) NB-LRR-type R genes, RPS4 and RRS1, properly function in two other Brassicaceae, Brassica rapa and Brassica napus, but also in two Solanaceae, Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). The solanaceous plants transformed with RPS4/RRS1 confer bacterial effector-specific immunity responses. Furthermore, RPS4 and RRS1, which confer resistance to a fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum in Brassicaceae, also protect against Colletotrichum orbiculare in cucumber (Cucurbitaceae). Importantly, RPS4/RRS1 transgenic plants show no autoimmune phenotypes, indicating that the NB-LRR proteins are tightly regulated. The successful transfer of two R genes at the family level implies that the downstream components of R genes are highly conserved. The functional interfamily transfer of R genes can be a powerful strategy for providing resistance to a broad range of pathogens